This study investigated a brief understanding of entrepreneurial personality traits and sustainable development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Uganda by highlighting key personality traits that greatly influence the sustainability of SMEs. This study’s major aim was analyzing the rationale of entrepreneurial personality traits on the sustainable performance of SMEs in Uganda. The study adopted a quantitative approach assisted with a semi-structured questionnaire that administered to 380 entrepreneurs selected from the districts of Kampala, Wakiso, and Mukono in Uganda. In service, Manufacturing and Agricultural sectors the data was evaluated using Cronbach alpha co-efficient and the findings demonstrated a positive and significant correlation between personality traits and sustainability of SMEs. This study makes a vital contribution to the body of knowledge by offering a simplified framework for SME sustainability in Uganda, this will be of use to key SME stakeholders for example Private Sector Foundation Uganda (PSFU), Uganda Investment Authority (UIA) Uganda Small Scale Association (USSA) and many other private and Government bodies. Similarly, the study will assist policymakers and practitioners in designing appropriate and customized policies to increase SME sustainability, as well as improving their development in Uganda.